Does the asphalt pavement on your commercial property give off a polished and professional look? Or does it give the impression of an unsafe and unattended space with crumbling asphalt?
This guide will break down what causes asphalt pavement cracks, the types of cracks you may encounter, and actionable tips to avoid them. You’ll also learn about the long-term benefits of proactive pavement maintenance, helping you protect your property while saving time and money.
What Causes Asphalt Pavement Cracks?
Knowing the reasons asphalt pavement cracks develop is crucial for effective prevention and repair. Here are the most common culprits:
Weather Conditions
Environmental conditions are the number one cause of asphalt pavement cracks, especially for properties located in southern Ontario. The frequent freeze-thaw cycles endured throughout December to March can see moisture seep into the crevices and expand when temperatures drop. This weakens the components of the asphalt as temperature fluctuations cause the asphalt to expand and contract. The pavement will begin to shift with every cycle and cracks will begin to form.
Heavy Traffic Loads
Commercial properties frequently have heavy-loaded trucks and equipment entering, exiting, and parked on the asphalt. Excessive pressure from heavy vehicles can weaken the structure of the pavement down to the subbase, causing cracks to form. With continuous movement and parking in high-traffic areas, fatigue cracking occurs, causing lines to resemble an alligator’s skin.
Poor Installation and Maintenance
A major cause of asphalt cracks is poor asphalt installation. Improper compaction of the subbase or improper application of the asphalt mix can cause cracks to appear immediately after first usage. This can be from unstable soil and/or drainage issues. Neglecting maintenance can cause small cracks to worsen and lead to further damage.
Water Infiltration
Moisture is one of the most common reasons for cracks to form. Water seeps into the crevices and leads to cracking, which accelerates asphalt deterioration. Sand, gravel, and other aggregates can wash away due to water infiltration. This can weaken the structure of the asphalt components, including the foundation.
Aging Asphalt
Asphalt is a durable material that supports vehicular and pedestrian foot traffic. While quality asphalt is designed to withstand years of usage, oxidation occurs over time, making asphalt brittle and prone to cracking. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can exacerbate this process leading to brittle and crumbling asphalt.
Types of Cracks and Their Causes
Not all cracks are the same—understanding their types and underlying causes can guide appropriate maintenance strategies.
Alligator Cracks
- Cause: Subbase failure or repeated heavy loads.
- Appearance: Cracks forming interconnected patterns resembling alligator skin.
Edge Cracks
- Cause: Poor drainage or insufficient support along the pavement edges.
- Appearance: Cracks run parallel to the edge of the pavement.
Linear Cracks
- Cause: Temperature changes causing asphalt expansion and contraction.
- Appearance: Straight cracks running along the length of the pavement surface.
Block Cracks
- Cause: Aging or an improper asphalt mix.
- Appearance: Cracks forming roughly square or rectangular patterns across the pavement.
Reflection Cracks
- Cause: Movement or settlement in the subbase.
- Appearance: Cracks reflecting the movement below, often mirroring pre-existing cracks in the layers beneath the surface.
How to Avoid Asphalt Pavement Cracks
Preventing cracks requires a combination of proper installation practices, regular maintenance, and proactive care. Follow these tips to keep your asphalt in optimal condition:
Routine Maintenance
Regularly inspecting and maintaining the pavement can increase the strength of the asphalt, preventing cracks from forming. Any small cracks can be addressed with quality crack sealing products to prevent expansion. Sealcoating the paved surface will reduce the risk of water infiltration and damage by UV rays.
Proper Installation Techniques
Preventing asphalt damage begins with properly installing the paved area. A well-compacted foundation can help reduce cracks from forming. In addition to a strong subbase, using high-quality asphalt and applying it at the right temperature can extend the lifespan of the paved surface.
Drainage Management
Since asphalt cracks can allow water to infiltrate the pavement due to runoff, rain, and melting snow, proper drainage systems are vital to protect the pavement. Implementing proper grading will direct water away from the pavement, preventing water pooling and cracks from forming.
Traffic Management
To protect the structure of the asphalt, restrict access to heavy vehicles in high-traffic areas. The pavement at entrances, exits, and loading zones can be reinforced to prevent cracking that typically forms when the asphalt is weak.
Timely Repairs
Performing asphalt repairs when cracks first appear can reduce the risk of potholes forming. This can also prevent water infiltration. Any imperfections in the parking area or on walkways require immediate attention to protect the function and lifespan of the pavement.
Winter-Specific Care
Clear snow and ice promptly to reduce water accumulation on the surface of the asphalt. Avoid corrosive de-icers that lead to pavement degradation. Consider using eco-friendly salt or alternatives for vehicle and foot traction.
Benefits of Proactive Pavement Maintenance
- Extends the lifespan of asphalt
- Reduces repair costs by addressing issues early
- Enhances safety for drivers and pedestrians
- Prevents water damage and structural weakening
- Maintains a smooth and professional appearance for parking lots
Preserve Your Asphalt Pavement with Sure-Seal Pavement!
For all your asphalt repair needs, including crack sealing, rely on the professionals at Sure-Seal Pavement Maintenance Inc. As a leading provider of pavement services in the GTA, we offer a wide range of affordable asphalt repair services with a two-year warranty on all crack sealing work and materials. Contact us today to book a free onsite consultation!